The use of strong contrasts between light and dark to give the illusion of volume in modeling three-dimensional objects and figures.

Origin: The word 'chiaroscuro' originates from the Italian language, combining 'chiaro' meaning 'clear' or 'bright' and 'scuro' meaning 'dark' or 'obscure'. It was first used in the late Renaissance period to describe a specific technique in visual arts. Historical and Cultural Context: Chiaroscuro became prominent in the works of artists like Caravaggio and Leonardo da Vinci, who used it to create a dramatic effect in their paintings. This technique allowed for greater emotional expression and was revolutionary in the portrayal of depth and volume. Evolution: Over time, the term has been adapted into English and other languages, retaining its original meaning related to art. In literature and other art forms, it can also refer to the juxtaposition of light and dark elements to create a dramatic narrative. Modern Relevance: Today, chiaroscuro is widely used not only in painting but also in photography and cinema to create mood and highlight the contrast between elements. It remains a fundamental technique taught in art schools worldwide.

The term 'chiaroscuro' not only refers to a technique but also influenced the naming of the famous 19th-century art movement, Tenebrism, which emphasized shadow and darkness even more strongly.