A genre of Portuguese music characterized by mournful tunes and lyrics, often about the sea or the life of the poor.

Origin: The word 'fado' comes from the Latin word 'fatum,' meaning 'fate' or 'destiny.' It entered Portuguese in the 19th century, reflecting the themes of fate and longing in the music.Historical and Cultural Context: Fado music is believed to have originated in the early 19th century in Lisbon, Portugal. It evolved in the port districts of Alfama and Mouraria, sung by sailors and the urban poor.Evolution: The music style has remained relatively unchanged, preserving its traditional elements. However, it has incorporated modern themes and instruments over time. Fado has cognates in other Romance languages, such as Spanish 'hado' and Italian 'fato,' both referring to 'fate.'Modern Relevance: Today, fado is a symbol of Portuguese identity and cultural heritage. It is recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The music is performed in fado houses and festivals worldwide.

Fado was traditionally performed by only one singer accompanied by the Portuguese guitar, but in modern performances, it can include multiple instruments.