The sun, the star at the center of the solar system.

Origin: The word 'شمس' (shams) is derived from Proto-Semitic *šamš-, which means 'sun'. It has cognates in several Semitic languages, including Hebrew (שֶׁמֶשׁ, shemesh) and Akkadian (šamšu). The phonetic form has remained relatively stable across these languages.
Historical and Cultural Context: In ancient Arab culture, the sun was revered as a symbol of life and vitality. The word 'شمس' appears in early Arabic poetry and texts, often symbolizing brightness, guidance, and the passage of time.
Evolution: The semantic meaning of 'شمس' has remained consistent over centuries, retaining its primary definition as 'the sun'. The pronunciation has seen minimal changes, preserving its original Semitic roots.
Modern Relevance: Today, 'شمس' is used in everyday Arabic to refer to the sun. It appears in various idiomatic expressions, such as 'وجهه كالشمس' (his face is like the sun), indicating brightness or beauty.

In Arabic, 'شمس' is also a popular given name for both males and females, often reflecting the qualities of warmth and radiance.