A type of lyrical poem that expresses themes of love, beauty, and often longing.

Origin: The word 'غزال' (ghazal) originates from Arabic, where it means both 'love poetry' and 'talking to women'. The term is thought to have been derived from the Arabic root 'غ ز ل' (gh-z-l) which is related to spinning or weaving, metaphorically suggesting the weaving of words or emotions.
Historical and Cultural Context: The ghazal form is believed to have originated in Arabic poetry around the 7th century. It was later adopted and developed by Persian poets, becoming a prominent form of poetry in Persian literature by the 10th century.
Evolution: As the ghazal spread to other languages such as Urdu, Turkish, and Pashto, its structure and themes evolved. In Persian and Urdu, it became highly stylized, focusing on the pain of unrequited love and the beauty of the beloved. Cognates include 'ghazal' in Persian and Urdu, which retain similar meanings and structures.
Modern Relevance: Today, ghazals are popular in many South Asian and Middle Eastern cultures. They are often set to music and sung, continuing to express themes of love and longing. The ghazal has also influenced Western poets and musicians, who have adapted its form and themes.

The ghazal is known for its unique structure, where each couplet is a self-contained unit of thought, and the poem often ends with a signature couplet where the poet mentions their own name.